17、纺织英语---自由端纺纱

Lesson Seventeen：Open-End Spinning(自由端纺纱)

The term “open-end spinning” has frequently been used as a synonym for all new methods of

making yarn. This is incorrect, and “open-end” should be applied only to systems where a break

occurs in the fiber system. Break spinning and open – end spinning are synonymous.

自由端纺纱这个名称经常被用作所有新型纺纱的同义词，这是不对的，“自由端”只适用于纤维成纱中纤维有断开现象的系统。开端纺纱（断裂纺纱）和自由端纺纱的意义是相同的。

The essential steps in open – end spinning include the following. A coarse sliver of fibers is

fed to and opening system which opens the sliver to the point where the fibers are individual

entities. The individual fibers are fed forward and then are collected together on a small surface

and pulled from the surface as a thin layer constantly adding to the open end or tail of the forming

yarn. The thin layer is attenuated, twist is inserted, and the resulting yarn is wound onto bobbins.

Two methods of open – end or break spinning are in use: rotor spinning and fluid or air or vortex

systems.

自由端纺纱的主要工艺如下：将一根粗的纤维条子喂入开松系统，该系统将条子松解成离散性的纤维，离散纤维被继续向前输送。纤维在一个小的表面汇聚，并从该表面以薄纤维层的方式引离，连续地添加到所形成纱线的端部。纤维薄层被拉细，加捻，形成的细纱被卷绕到筒管上。目前采用的开端纺纱或叫自由端纺纱的方法有两种：气流纺纱和流体（或空气，或涡流）纺纱。

Rotor spinning involves the contact of fibers in or on rotating devices such as funnels, cones,

sieves, or needled surfaces. A sliver of fibers is fed into the unit, a current of air forces the fibers

into a loose form, and they are collected on the rotating device. As they are collected, they are

pulled off the rotor by mechanical means to form the yarn, and the new yarn is wound onto

packages. Twist is inserted as the yarn is removed from the rotor.

气流纺纱包括纤维与回转部件（转杯）表现和内部的摩擦这样一个过程。转杯有漏斗型、圆锥型、格筛型、针板型等。一个纤维条子被送入纺纱装置开松，一股气流将纤维条吹成松散状，散纤维被转杯收集。在纤维汇聚到一起时，采用一种机械方式将纤维从转杯中引导出来并形成细纱，新构成的细纱卷绕到卷装上。在纱线被引离转杯的过程中，对其加捻。

Rotor spinning is a popular process and has replaced some ring – spinning units. There are

some differences in quality and characteristics between ring – and rotor – spun yarns, but both

have some advantages. Many of the disadvantages associated with early rotor – spun yarns are

disappearing as the process is improved and perfected. Important aspects of rotor – spun yarn

include the facts that they require considerably less plant space, energy requirements and labor

needs are reduced. Its operation is cleaner and the speed of production is considerably faster than

for ring spinning.

气流纺纱是一种常用的纺纱方法，并且已经取代了一些环锭纺纱设备。气流纺纱线与环锭纺纱线的质

量和特点方面有一定的差异，但又具备各自的优点。许多气流纺纱线初期的不足随着工艺的改进已经消除或日趋改善。很重要的一点是，气流纺纱占地较少，节省能源和劳力，工作环境清洁，生产速度比环锭纺纱高得多。

The end uses for rotor – spun yarns include apparel, home furnishings and industrial fabrics.

In fact, with the current state of the art of spinning, open – end spun yarns, particularly rotor –

spun, compete with ring – spun in nearly every possible end use.

气流纺纱线的最终用途包括服用纺织品、室内装饰用纺织品及产业用纺织品。事实上，根据目前纺纱工艺的状况，自由端纺纱生产的纱线，特别是气流纺纱线，可以在各种用途上与环锭纺纱线竞争。

Spinning of yarns by the air vortex system is similar to the rotor process except that the yarn

is formed in moving air rather than on a rotating surface.

利用空气涡流系统纺纱与气流纺纱的工艺相似。只不过纱线是靠运动着的气流形成的，而不是在转杯的表面形成的。

The method of spinning is increasing rapidly in use as new equipment have been developed.

Air – jet – spun yarns are clean, have good uniformity and even quality, but are less regular than

ring – spun yarns. They are stronger than most of rotor – spun yarns. They have good wash – and

– wear characteristics although they do tend to pill more quickly than other types.

随着新设备的开发，新型纺纱方法正在快速增加并投入使用。喷气纺纱纺制的纱线光洁、条干均匀、质量稳定，但条干均匀度还赶不上环锭纱。喷气纺纱线比多数气流纺纱线强度要高，织物具有较好的免烫性能。喷气纺纱线与其它类型的纱线相比，的确更容易起球。

第17课：自由端纺纱

自由端纺纱这个名称经常被用作所有新型纺纱的同义词，这是不对的，“自由端”只适用于纤维成纱中纤维有断开现象的系统。开端纺纱（断裂纺纱）和自由端纺纱的意义是相同的。

自由端纺纱的主要工艺如下：将一根粗的纤维条子喂入开松系统，该系统将条子松解成离散性的纤维，离散纤维被继续向前输送。纤维在一个小的表面汇聚，并从该表面以薄纤维层的方式引离，连续地添加到所形成纱线的端部。纤维薄层被拉细，加捻，形成的细纱被卷绕到筒管上。目前采用的开端纺纱或叫自由端纺纱的方法有两种：气流纺纱和流体（或空气，或涡流）纺纱。

气流纺纱包括纤维与回转部件（转杯）表现和内部的摩擦这样一个过程。转杯有漏斗型、圆锥型、格筛型、针板型等。一个纤维条子被送入纺纱装置开松，一股气流将纤维条吹成松散状，散纤维被转杯收集。在纤维汇聚到一起时，采用一种机械方式将纤维从转杯中引导出来并形成细纱，新构成的细纱卷绕到卷装上。在纱线被引离转杯的过程中，对其加捻。

气流纺纱是一种常用的纺纱方法，并且已经取代了一些环锭纺纱设备。气流纺纱线与环锭纺纱线的质量和特点方面有一定的差异，但又具备各自的优点。许多气流纺纱线初期的不足随着工艺的改进已经消除或日趋改善。很重要的一点是，气流纺纱占地较少，节省能源和劳力，工作环境清洁，生产速度比环锭纺纱高得多。

气流纺纱线的最终用途包括服用纺织品、室内装饰用纺织品及产业用纺织品。事实上，根据目前纺纱工艺的状况，自由端纺纱生产的纱线，特别是气流纺纱线，可以在各种用途上与环锭纺纱线竞争。

利用空气涡流系统纺纱与气流纺纱的工艺相似。只不过纱线是靠运动着的气流形成的，而不是在转杯的表面形成的。

随着新设备的开发，新型纺纱方法正在快速增加并投入使用。喷气纺纱纺制的纱线光洁、条干均匀、质量稳定，但条干均匀度还赶不上环锭纱。喷气纺纱线比多数气流纺纱线强度要高，织物具有较好的免烫性能。喷气纺纱线与其它类型的纱线相比，的确更容易起球。