国际音标发音规则大全完整版

国际音标发音规则大全

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国际音标发音规则大全

一、26个英文字母及发音音标如下:

A a [ei] B b [bi:] C c [si:] D d [di:] E e [i:] F f [ef] G g [d?i:] H h

[eit]

I i [ai] J j [d?ei] K k [kei] L l [el] M m [em] N n [en] O o [

] P p [pi:]

Q q [kju:] R r [ɑ:] S s [es] T t [ti:] U u [ju:] V v [vi:] W w [′dblju:]

X x [eks] Y y [wai] Z z [zi:] / [zed]

二、以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:

1)含元音音素[ei]

字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk

音标: [ei] [eit]

[d?ei] [kei]

2) 含元音音素[i:]

字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv

音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d?i:] [pi:] [ti:] [vi:]

3) 含元音音素[e]

字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz

音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks] [zed]

4) 含元音字母Uu或元音音素[u:]

字母: Uu Qq Ww

音标: [ju:] [kju:] [′dblju:]

5) 含元音音素[ai]

字母: Ii Yy

音标: [ai] [wai]

6) Don’t forget Oo // and Rr/ɑ:/

三、区别元音字母Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu与元音二十个音素。

不定冠词a放在辅音开头的词前；an放在元音开头的词前。大多数元音字母开头的词，一般发元音，但有些就不是，如字母Uu, 单词useful, university, European等。一般辅音字母开头的词发辅音，但有些就不是，如hour, honest这两个单词中h都不发音。如：1) an Aa / Ee / Ii / Oo, an Ll / Ss / Xx / Rr

an orange/apple/egg/ English teacher/ eraser / ID card/ 11-year-old boy；

an hour [′a]

一小时，an honest man一个诚实的人（这儿的h不发音）

an 8-year-old boy 一位八岁的男孩 an egg an eraser

2) a Uu/ Bb / Pp a useful [′jU:sful]book一本有用的书（这儿u第一个音发/

j/）a university[ju::n′v:st] 一座大学 a European[′ju:rpn] man 一位欧州人如：There is an “r” and a “u”in the word “ruler”.

He is an English teacher. He’ll be back in half an hour.

I eat an apple and a pear every day.

四、英语国际音标表（48个）

[i:]

[]

[u:]

[a:]

[]

[]

长元音

元音

单元音(12个)

(20个)

双元音(8个)

[ai]

[ei]

短元音

[]

[i] []

[]

[]

[u] [e] []

[i]

[i]

[u]

[au]

辅音

(2810对(20清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] []

[

∫

[]

[tr]

[ts]

个) 个) ]

[

]

[ d?]

[dr]

[dz]

浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] []

鼻音(3个)

似拼音(3个)

半元音(2个)

[m] [n] []

[h] [r] [l]

[w] [j]

前元音

后元音

中元音

双元音

爆破音

摩擦音

破擦音

鼻辅音

舌侧音

半元音

/i:/

/ɑ:/

/ /

/e/

/p/

/f/

/ts/

/m/

/ /

/ j/

//

//

/:/

/a/

/b/

/v/

/dz/

/n/

/e/

/:/

//

//

/ t/

/θ/

/tr/

//

//

//

五、国际音标/U:/

和英语字母在书写方面的联系

从音标到字母//

/d/

/e/

/dr/

/a/

/ k/

/s/

/t/

//

/g/

/z/

/d/

/e/ //

//

// / r/

/ h/

和字母

组合

１、单元音：

[i:]:

⑴e:he

/ w/

she me

we

these

Chinese Japanese

⑵ea:tea eat meat sea

⑶ee:see tree meet green teen

⑷ei:receive

⑸ey:key

⑹i:police policeman policewoman machine

⑺eo:people

⑻ie:piece field believe thief

[]: ⑴a:orange cabbage

⑵ay:Sunday holiday

⑶e:begin English pretty cinema

⑷ey:monkey volleyball

⑸i:it is in big this

⑹y:city very sorry

⑺u:busy

⑻ui:build building

⑼ai:captain mountain certainly

[e]: ⑴a:any many anyone anything anybody anywhere

⑵ai:said paid

⑶ay:says

⑷e:pen bed yes egg desk

⑸ea:bread head breakfast

⑹u:bury

[]:a:bag am and at sad happy handsome

[ɑ:]:⑴a:class banana father after

⑵al:half palm calm

⑶ar:car far park arm star party

⑷au:aunt laugh

⑸ear:heart

[ ]: ⑴o: come none love other mother another some money honey

⑵oo:blood flood

⑶ou:touch country enough young

⑷u:bus sun but cut up us mutton

[:]:⑴ear:learn earth early heard

⑵er:her term

⑶ir:first girl bird skirt sir third

⑷or在/ w/后:work word world worse worst

⑸ur:nurse turn hurt Thursday

⑹yr:myrtle

⑺our:journalist journal

[]:⑴a:along about banana Canada China

⑵e:student open children different differently

⑶i:holiday April

⑷o:today welcome police

⑸u:minus autumn

⑹er:father mother brother sister player singer winner meter

⑺or:doctor forget mirror color visitor actor

⑻ar:sugar grammar

⑼re:metre tired fire

⑽ou:delicious previous

⑾ur:surprise Saturday

⑿our:colour

⒀ure:picture pleasure nature future temperature

⒁oar:cupboard

⒂yr:martyr satyr

[u:]:⑴ew:flew grew review blew threw

⑵o:do to who whose whom

⑶oo:too zoo food pool boot school

⑷ou:soup group through

⑸u:blue glue June

⑹ui:fruit juice

⑺oe:shoe

[]:⑴o:woman wolf

⑵oo:book look good foot

⑶oul:could would should

⑷u:put sugar full push

[]:⑴([w])a:want wash watch what

⑵o:hot on not sorry dog

⑶ou:cough

⑷au:Australia

[:]:⑴(w)a:water

⑵al:all ball call fall hall mall small talk tall wall walk

⑶([w])ar:warm quarter war

⑷au:August autumn daughter caught taught

⑸aw:draw saw law

⑹oor:door floor

⑺ore:more before

⑻or:or for short sport

⑼ou:bought brought thought fought

⑽our:four your

⑾awe:awe awed aweless

⑿oar:board blackboard cupboard keyboard

⒀o:story

２、双元音：

[a?]:⑴i:time like nice fine five write

⑵y:my by why

⑶i(g):sign high light right

⑷ie:die lie tie

(5)ei: height

[e?]:⑴a:name cake game face place

⑵ai:rain train wait straight

⑶ay: day may okay play today yesterday

⑷ei:veil vein

⑸ei(gh):eight eighteen eighty

⑹ey:they

⑺ea:great break

[]:⑴e:zero cereal serious

⑵ea:real really idea cereal

⑶ere:here

⑷ear:ear dear hear near clear

⑸eer:beer deer pioneer

[]:⑴o:go no nose home

⑵ow:show know yellow window

⑶oa:goat boat coat

⑷ou:shoulder though although

⑸oe:woe

[]:⑴ure:sure

⑵oor:poor

⑶our:tour tourist

[a?]:⑴ou:out about house blouse mouse mouth

⑵ow:how now cow bow

[e?]:⑴air:air hair chair fair unfair

⑵are:care hare parent careful carefully

⑶ear:pear wear bear

⑷ere:there where

⑸eir:their theirs

⑹a:Mary

[]:⑴oi:oil toilet boil soil join

⑵oy:boy toy employee

３、辅音：

清浊成对辅音：

[p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g] [f]-[v] [s]-[z] [θ]-[e] []-[] [ts]-[dz] [t?]-[d?] [tr]-[dr]

清音浊化：清辅音[p] [t] [k] [tr]等在[s]后重读时由送气音变为不送气音，即发其浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [dr]，但音标仍写成清辅音。如：sport[sp:t]，student[′stju:d?nt]， sky[ska?], street[stri:t]。但弱读时[s]后的清辅音仍读请辅音，不读相对的浊辅音。如：hostess[′hsts]。

[p]:⑴p:pen map help cheap pencil paper

⑵pp:apple happy appear

[b]:⑴b:bag by bed boy bus blue

⑵bb:rabbit cabbage

[t]:⑴t:ten time not get table

⑵tt:bottle bottom little pretty

⑶ed:watched washed cooked helped danced dressed laughed

[d]:⑴d:desk door day dog

⑵dd:add daddy middle

⑶ed:played cleaned climbed answered arrived called studied emptied enjoyed

cried

[k]:⑴c:cat come cut clock cry picture bloc

⑵cc: occasion according occupy acclaim

⑶ch:school Christmas chemistry technology stomach

⑷k:book bike cake kite Kate look

⑸ck:black duck clock jacket cock

⑹q:Iraq coq

⑺que:unique technique

[g]:⑴g:go girl big get

⑵gg:egg bigger biggest

⑶gu:guess guest

⑷gue:dialogue

⑸gh:ghyll ghost

[f]:⑴f:five fish fine family fifteen

⑵ph:photo phone elephant photograph physics

⑶gh:laugh enough

⑷ff:off coffee

[v]:⑴v:very five have

⑵f:of

[s]:⑴c:nice city cycle bicycle

⑵s:sit six some bus use us desk books

⑶ss:miss class glass grass

⑷sc:science scientist scene

⑸ps:psalm psywar

[z]:⑴s:is his please music lose husband apples

⑵es:leaves thieves knives wives cities countries

⑶z:zoo zero

⑷zz:buzz

[θ]:th:three thank month thin math

[e]:⑴th:this the with than clothes clothing

⑵the:breathe soythe

[]:⑴sh:she shoe short shop wash

⑵s:sure Asia

⑶c: special sufficient delicious

⑷t:station national patient collection

⑸ss:Russia profession

⑹ch:machine

[]:⑴s:usually television pleasure

⑵z:seizure

⑶ge:garage

[ts]:⑴ts:shirts hurts coats costs goats its

⑵t’s:Let’s it’s that’s what’s

⑶tes:kites gates dates

⑷zz:pizza

[dz]:⑴ds:beds birds hands friends

⑵des:decides

[t?]:⑴ch:chair much lunch China

⑵tch:watch catch match

⑶t: picture question future natural nature

[d?]:⑴g(e):age page huge orange

⑵g:gentle gentleman general

⑶dge:bridge porridge judge

⑷j:jump jacket just June Jim July

⑸ch:sandwich

[tr]:tr:tree trip try true truth truly

[dr]:dr:dress drive hundred children

４、单个辅音：

[h]:⑴h:he her have hand head hair

⑵(w)h:who whom whose whole

[l]:⑴l:let look please lake people until

⑵ll:tell full till bell

⑶(t)l(e):whistle

[r]:⑴r:red right three

⑵rr:sorry worry hurry carry carrot

⑶(w)r:write wrong

[m]:⑴m:man meat meet time

⑵mm:common communicate

⑶m(b):climb lamb

⑷m(n):autumn

[n]:⑴n:name nice nine near under

⑵(k)n:know knife

⑶nn:Ann

⑷(m)n:mnemonics

[]:⑴ng:sing long young morning

⑵n(k):thank think ink pink

⑶n(g):English

[w]:⑴w:we window work walk

⑵w(h):what why where white when

[j]:⑴y:yes you year yellow

⑵j:Jensen ja hallelujah jaap

⑶i:onion review million billion brilliant behavior

⑷e:Europe European

五、国际音标和英语字母在读音方面的联系

从字母和字母组合到音标

Ⅰ.元音字母a及a+其他字母的读音

a在重读开音节中读[e?]：name cake game face

a在重读闭音节中读[]：bag am and at sad

a在辅音字母s,th,f,n,p,h前读[ɑ:]：class fast grasp ask father after dance

graph

a在[w]后读[]或[:]：want what water[′w:t]

a在ny前读[e]：any many

a弱读时读[

]：along about banana Canada China

a在非重读音节中读[]：orange cabbage

a读[e?]：Mary

ai读[e?]：rain train wait

ai读[]：captain

ai读[e]：said

ay读[e?]：day may okay play today

ay弱读读[]：Sunday holiday

ay读[e]：says

air读[e?]：air hair chair

al在多数辅音字母前读[:]（f,m除外）：all ball call fall hall mall small talk

tall wall

al还读[:l]（特别当后面不是k,f,m时）：also salt

al在辅音字母f,m前读[ɑ:]：half palm

ar在重读音节中读[ɑ:]：:car far park arm star

ar在[w]后读[:]：warm quarter

ar弱读读[]：sugar

are读[e?]：care hare parent

ass在重读音节中读[ɑ:s]：class glass grass pass

au在重读音节中读[:]：August autumn daughter

au读[]：Australia

au还读作[ɑ:]：aunt laugh

aw在重读音节中读[:]：draw saw law

awe读[:]：awe awed aweless

Ⅱ. 元音字母e及e+其他字母的读音

e在重读开音节中读[i:]：he she me we

e在重读闭音节中读[e]：pen bed yes egg desk

e在非重读音节中读[]：begin English pretty cinema

e弱读读[

]：student open children different

e读[]：zero hero serious

e读[j]：Europe

ea在重读音节中读[i:]：tea eat meat

ea读[e]：bread head breakfast

ea读[e?]：great break

ea读[]：real really idea cereal

ear读[:]：learn earth early heard

ear读[e?]：pear wear bear

ear读[]：ear dear hear near clear nearly nearby

ear读[ɑ:]：heart

ed在大部分清辅音后读[t]（[t]除外）：watched washed cooked helped danced

ed在元音和浊辅音后读[d]([d]除外)：played cleaned climbed answered arrived

aired boiled emptied enjoyed cried

ed在[t][d]后读[d]：wanted needed

ee在重读音节中读[i:]：see tree see

eer读[]：beer deer pioneer

ei读[i:]：receive

ei读[e?]：veil vein

ei在gh前读[e?]：eight eighteen eighty

eir读[e?]：their theirs

eo读[i:]：people

er在重读闭音节中读[:]：her term

er在非重读音节中读[

]：father mother brother sister

ere读[]：here

ere读[e?]：there where

es在浊辅音（[z ][][d]

除外）及元音后，es发[z]：leaves thieves knives wives

potatoes tomatoes heroes Negroes goes does families stories

es在[s][z][][][t][d]后读[z]：buses blouses dishes garages watches oranges

ew读[ju:]：new newspaper review

ew在l,r,j后读[u:]：flew grew Jew

ex读[eks]：exercise exit

ex读[ks]：excle expensive extinct

ex读[gz]：exam examination exactly

ey读[i:]：key

ey读[]：monkey valley

ey读[e?]：they

Ⅲ. 元音字母i及i+其他字母的读音

i在重读开音节中读[a?]：time like rice

i在重读闭音节中读[]：big six sit

i读[i:]：police policeman policewoman machine

i弱读读[

]：holiday April

i在非重读音节中读[]：taxi

i读[j]：onion review million billion brilliant behavior

i在元音字母a,e,o前读[a?]：dialogue quiet pioneer

i在g前读[a?]：sign high light right

i在nd前读[a?]：find behind

i在ld前读[a?]：child

i在re前读[a?]：fire tired retire

ie在重读音节中辅音字母前读[i:]：piece field believe thief

ie在重读音节词词尾读[a?]：lie die

ir在重读音节中读[:]：bird girl first

Ⅳ.元音字母o及o+其他字母的读音

o在重读开音节中读[]：go no nose home

o在辅音字母st,ld前读[]：post old

o在重读闭音节中读[]：hot on not sorry

o读[:]：story

o在辅音字母m,n,v和th前读[^]：come none love other

o读[u:]：do to who

o在w后读[]：woman wolf

o在非重读音节中读[

]：today policeman

oa在重读音节中读[]：boat coat

oar读[:]：board blackboard cardboard

oar读[

]：cupboard

oe读[]：woe

oe读[u:]：shoe

oi读[]：oil toilet boil soil

oo一般读[u:]：too zoo food pool boot school

oo在d,k和少数t前读[]：book look good foot

oo读[^]：blood flood

oor读[:]：door floor

oor读[]：poor

or在重读音节中读[:]：or for short sport

or在[w]后读[:]：work word world

or读[

]：doctor forget mirror

ore读[:]：more before

ou在多数情况下读[a?]：out about house blouse

ou在ght前读[:]：bought brought thought

ou读[^]：touch country enough young

ou读[u:]：soup group through

ou读[]：shoulder though

ou读[]：cough

ou读[

]：delicious previous

oul读[]：could would should

our读[:]：four your

our读[:]：journalist journal

our读[

]：colour

our读[]：tour

our读[a?]：our hour

ow读[a?]：how now cow

ow读[]：show know yellow window

owe或ower读[a?]：towel flower

oy读[]：boy toy employee

Ⅴ. 元音字母u及u+其他字母的读音

u在重读开音节中读[ju:]：student Tuesday

u在重读闭音节中读[^]：bus sun but cut up us

u处于开音节位置，又在辅音字母j,l,r,s后读[u:]：June fluency February Sue

u在重读闭音节中还读[]：put sugar full push

u在非重读音节中读[

]：minus autumn

u读[]：busy minute

u读[e]：bury

ui读[ju:]或[j?,ju:]：suit suicide

l,r,j+ui时，ui读作[u:]或[,u:]：sluise fruit juice fluid ruin

ui读[]：build building

ur在重读音节中读[:]：nurse turn hurt Thursday

ur读[

]：surprise Saturday

ure读[]：sure

ure在非重读音节中读[

]：picture pleasure

ure在重读音节中读[j]：cure

Ⅵ.21个辅音字母及辅音字母组合的读音

b读[b]：bag by bed boy bus blue

bt,mb在词尾时，b不发音：debt climb comb

bb读[b]：rabbit cabbage

c在字母e,i,y前读[s]：nice city cycle

c在字母a,o,u,l,r,t前或在音节末尾读[k]：cat come cut clock cry picture bloc

c+ia,ie,io时，c读[]：special sufficient delicious

cc+a,o,u或l时，cc读[k]：occasion according occupy acclaim

cc+e,i时，cc读[ks]：accept accident

ch读[t?]：chair much lunch China

ch读[k]：school Christmas chemistry technique technology stomach

ch读[]：machine

ch读[d?]：sandwich

ck读[k]：black duck clock jacket cock

d读[d]：desk door day dog

dd读[d]：add daddy middle

dge读[d?]：bridge porridge judge

dr读[dr]：dress drive hundred children

ds读[dz]：beds birds hands friends

des读[dz]：decides

f读[f]：five fish fine family fifteen

f读[v]：of

ff读[f]：off coffee

ften读[fn]：often

g读[g]：go girl big get

g在e前读[d?]：age page huge orange

g读[d?]：gentle gentleman general

gg读[g]：egg bigger biggest

ge读[]：garage

gh在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音：right eight straight bought daughter

gh读[f]：laugh enough

gh在词首时，读[g]：ghyll ghost

gn,gm在词尾时，g常无声：sign phlegm

gu在词首读[g]：guess

gu在词中读[gw]：language

gue在词尾读[g]：dialogue

h读[h]：he her have hand head hair

h不发音：hour honest

wh读[w]：what why where white

wh在o前读[h]：who whom whose

gh在词首时，h不发音：ghyll ghost

j读[d]

：jump jacket just June Jim

j读[j]：Jensen ja hallelujah jaap

k读[k]：book bike cake kite Kate look

kn在词首时，k不发音：know knife

l读[l]：let look please lake people

ll读[l]：tell full till bell

m读[m]：man meat meet time

mb在词尾时，读[m]，b常无声：climb comb

mm读[m]：common

mn在词首读[n]：mnemonics

mn在词中时，读[mn]：columnist

mn在词尾时，n常无声：autumn column

n读[n]：name nice nine near under

n在[k][g]前读[]：pink English

n在k后读[n]：know knife

n在m后读[n]：mnemonics

nn读[n]：Ann

ng在词尾读[]：sing long young morning

ng在词中读[g]：English finger

nk读[k]：thank think ink pink

p读[p]：pen map help cheap pencil paper

pp读[p]：apple happy appear

ph读[f]：photo phone elephant photograph

ps在词首时，p常不发音：psalm psywar

q读[k]：Iraq coq

qu在词首读[kw]：queen quick

que在词尾读[k]：unique technique

r读[r]：red right three

rr读[r]：sorry worry hurry carry carrot

wr读[r]：write wrong

s在词首读[s]：sit six some

s在清辅音后读[s]：books likes

s在浊辅音和元音后读[z]：apples windows

s读[z]（尤其是在两个元音字母之间）：his is please music

元音字母+s+无音e：①n.,adj.读[s]：base use

②v.读[z]：lose use

词中的s,其后跟清辅音字母时，s读[s],其后跟浊辅音字母时，s读[z]：desk husband

s读[]：sure Asia

s读[]：usually television pleasure

sion读[n]：television decision

sten读[sn]：listen

stle读[stl]：whistle

sure读[]：pleasure

sc+i,e,y读[s]：science scene scythe

sc+a,o,u读[sk]：scarf score scud

ss读[s]：miss class glass grass

ss读[]：Russia profession

ssion读[n]：expression

sh读[]：she shoe short shop wash

t读[t]：ten time not get table

t读[t?]:picture question

tch读[t?]:watch

t+ia,ie时，t读[]：martial patient

sten,ften,stle中，t无声：listen often whistle

tes读[ts]：kites gates dates

tt读[t]：bottle bottom little pretty

tion读[n]：station national patient

[s]+tion时读[t?n]：question

th读[θ]：three thank month thin

th在pron.,art.,prep.,conj.中读[e]：this the with than

词尾the读[e]：breathe soythe

词尾ther读[e]：father mother brother sister

tr读[tr]：tree trip try true truth

ts读[ts]：shirts hurts coats costs goats

t’s读[ts]：Let’s

ture读[t?]：picture

v读[v]：very five have

w读[w]：we window work walk

w不发音：two

wh读[w]：what why where white

wh在o前读[h]：who whom whose

wr在词首读[r]，w无声：write wrong

x读[ks]：box six excuse next

x读[gz]：exam exact example

y在重读开音节中读[a?]：my by why

y在重读闭音节中读[]：city very sorry

y在词首读[j]：yes you year yellow

yr读[:]：myrtle

yr读[a?]：martyr satyr

yre读[

]：tyre byre

z读[z]：zoo zero

z读[]：seizure

zz读[z]：buzz

zz读[ts]：pizza