英语分词作状语所表示的多种关系分析

英语分词作状语所表示的多种关系分析

分词作状语可以用来表示时间、条件、方式、原因、结果(补充说明)、让步、伴随。分词作状语时相当于状语从句，通常放在句首，并且用逗号隔开。其逻辑主语也要与句子的主语保持一致，一个句子用什么的分词作状语，取决于分词和句子主语的关系。分词作状语有三个特性，分别是时间性、语态性和人称一致性。首先时间性，如果与谓语动词同时发生或几乎同时发生，用一般式；如果发生在谓语动作之前时，则用完成时。第二语态性，即与句子的主语之间的关系，如果是是主谓关系，用主动形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。第三人称一致性，如果人称一致，则省略逻辑其主语；如果不一致，则用独立主格。

今天重点解说分词(短语)作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、方式、结果、目的、条件、让步、伴随情况等关系。分词状语的位置比较灵活.可以置于句首、句中，或句末，有时用逗号分开，也可不用逗号。

(1) 表时间：

Having finished the work，Tom went out for play.

做完工作后，汤姆出去玩了。

Heated, liquids can be changed into gases.

加热后，液体可以变成气体。

Studying in the university, he was very popular among his

classmates.

在大学学习期间，他在同学中很受欢迎。

Hearing their teacher's voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.

一听到教师的声音，学生们立即停止讲话。

Having finished his homework the boy was allowed to watch TV

play.

完成了家庭作业后，这个男孩被许可看电视。

Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。

The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。

Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report

on scheduled.

史蒂夫经过工两天的工作，终于如期完成了他的报告。（高考真题）

(2) 表原因：

Being busy now, I can’t go fishing with.

因为现在非常忙，我不能和你一起去钓鱼。

Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to contact her.

由于不知道她的地址，我无法联系她。

Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he

asked the teacher for help.

因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助老师。

Being painted now，the classroom can not be used.

教室现在被粉刷了，不能使用了。

Being very weak, she couldn’t move. 她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。

His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的车坏了，所以只好走路。

Much discouraged,she moved on to London. 她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。

The bus being very crowded, he had to stand.因为公共汽车里很挤，他只好站着。

Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam.他因为没有太努力，考试没能及格。

Greatly frightened, the man ran into a room back of the

workshop.

那人大吃一惊，跑进车间后面的屋子里去了。

Almost untouched by man, the Antarctic is the only continent in

the world that has kept its primitive ecological balance.

几乎无人涉足南极大陆，因此它是世界上罕有的一片尚保持着原始生态平衡的陆地。

I got to the office earlier that day, having caught the 7:30 train

from Paddington.

因为赶上了7点30分从帕丁顿出发的火车，我很早就到了办公室。

Having lived with the girl for 5 years, we all know her very well.

因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年，我们都非常了解她。

Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.

由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。

(3) 表方式：

He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋生。

I'm returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。

Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using the sun and

the stars.

像古代水手一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到自己的路。（高考真题）

Helped by their teacher, the students finished the task

successfully.

在老师的帮助下，学生们成功地完成了任务。

(4) 表结果：

He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。

He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五个孩子。

Football is played all over the world ， making it the most

popular sport.

全世界都在开展足球运动，足球成为世界上最风靡的运动。

The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing the mountain in golden

light.

太阳开始从天空升起，山脉沐浴在金色的阳光中。（湖南高考真题）

Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.

他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。

(5)表示目的

He went to Paris, hoping to go on to Egypt to join a scientific

expedition.

他去了巴黎，希望继续前行到埃及去参加一个科学考察队。

He worked for three hours running, trying to solve the problem.

他连续工作了三个小时，试图解决这个问题。

Tony lent me the money, hoping that I'd do as much for him.

托尼借给我钱，希望我能为他做同样多的事。（高考真题）

(6)表示条件

United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。（团结一致，我们魏然挺立;各自为政，我们一事无成。）

Seen from the hill，our schoolyard looks very beautiful.

从山上看，我们的校园看起来很漂亮。

Unless invited, I won't attend the get-together.

除非受到邀请，否则我不会参加聚会。

Once losing this chance, you can't easily find it.一旦失去这次机会，你就很难找回。

Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多给点时间，我们可以做得更好。

Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。

Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答案。

The ship will sail tomorrow, weather permitting.如果天气允许，船明天启航。

Given better attention, the flowers could have grown better.

如果照管得好一点儿，这些花会长得更好一些。

Working hard, you will surely succeed.如果努工作，你一定会成功。

Walking to work, you will save quite a lot of money.

如果步行上班，你会省下不少钱。

Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.

如果转向左边，你将找到通向公园的小道。

Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.

假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。

(7) 表让步：

Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。

Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。

Given all these facts, I still have not been convinced.尽管有这么多事实，我还是没有被说服。

Although working very hard, she failed her G. C. E in two

subjects.

尽管她非常努力，她的义务教育证书考试还有两科不及格。

Having been warned many times，the boy still became careless in

doing the job.

尽管被多次警告，这个男孩在做这项工作时仍然粗心大意。

Weighing almost one hundred jin the stone was moved by him

alone.

虽然那块石头重将近一百斤，他一个人就把它挪动了。

(8) 表伴随：

He sat in the chair reading newspapers. 他坐在椅子上看报。

Don't you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。

He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。

Followed by some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.

在一些官员的陪同下，拿破仑视察了他的军队。

There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.

随着突然闪光之后传来了可怕的声音。

The students entered the classroom， talking and laughing.

学生们有说有笑地走进教室。

The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.

那些孩子们跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。

含有宾语从句的主句的谓语动词为think, believe, imagine, suppose,

consider, expect, guess，fancy等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句原本含义一致。（请注意是从句原本含义）如：

I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he?

我认为那个人不是吉姆所杀的，是不是？（否定转移时）

We think that English is very useful, isn’t it?

我们认为英语很有用，不是吗？（没有否定转移时）

I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he?

我认为他已经尽力了，不是吗？

I don’t think that you can do it, can you?

我认为你不能做这个事情，是吗？

We don’t believe that the news is true, is it?

我们相信那条新闻是真实的，是吗？

I suppose that he’s serious, isn’t he?

我认为他是认真的，不是吗？

I don’t think she cares, does she?

我认为她是不在乎的，是吗？

但是，当反义疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称+think(believe, imagine,

suppose, consider, expect, guess，fancy)+that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语不出一致：（其规则其实可以合并到下面规律中）

He don’t think that the news was true, did he?

他不认为那条新闻是真实的，是吗？

They all think that English is very important, don’t they?

他们都认为英语很重要，不是吗？

实际上其他情况的含有宾语从句的反义疑问句其问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致：（即其他情况下当陈述部分为主从复合句时，附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。）

They said that you had finished your work, didn’t he?

他们说你已经完成了工作，不是吗？

Kate told you that she would go there, didn’t she?

凯特告诉你她会去那里，不是吗？

She says that I did it, doesn’t she?

她说是我干的，不是吗？

I told them not everybody could do it, didn’t I?

是我告诉他们不是每个人都能这件事，不是吗？

She is not so stupid as she looks, is she?

她不像看起来那么傻，是吗？

Lucy dreamed that she was in the moon, didn’t she?

露西梦见自己在月球上，不是吗？

以上就是本文的全部内容。