音标读音规则大全

音标发音规则大全

元音 (Vowels 20)

单

双

清

辅音 (Consonants 28)

浊

短

长

[i] [ə] [ɔ] [u] [e] [ʌ] [æ]

[i:] [ə:] [ɔ:] [u:] [ɑ:]

[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [əu] [au] [iə] [ɛə] [uə]

[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [ʃ] [tʃ] [tr] [ts] [h]

[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ð] [ʒ] [dʒ] [dr] [dz] [m] [n] [ŋ] [l] [r] [w] [j]

辅音连缀(Consonant Clusters 33)

[pr][pl][br][bl][kr][kl][gr][gl][fr][fl] [sn][sl][sk][sp][sw][dw][hw][kw][tw][wr]

[pju:][bju:][tju:][dju:][kju:][gju:][fju:] [vju:][lju:][mju:][nju:][hju:][zju] [tʃə][ʒə]

元音字母在重读音节中的读音及特殊读音

a 开音节

闭音节

a在[w]音后面

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前

e开音节

闭音节

i开音节 或 i在-nd -ld和gh前

闭音节

o开音节 或o在-st -ld前

闭音节

o在m n v th前

u开音节

闭音节

在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j ,l ,r,s后面

其余发[u]音

元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

a

e

读音

[ə]

[i]

[ə]

[i]

i [ə]

[i]

[ai]

o [ə]

[əu]

u [ə]

[ju]

[u]

例词

China another woman breakfast

orange comrade village cabbage

hundred student open

chicken pocket begin children

holiday

beautiful family animal

exercise satellite

second tonight welcome handsome

also zero photo

autumn difficult

popular January

influence February

读音

[ei]

[æ]

[ɔ]

[ɑ:]

[i:]

[e]

[ai]

[i]

[əu]

[ɔ]

[ʌ]

[ju:]

[ʌ]

[u:]

[u]

例词

name,plane,baby

bag,back,black,map have[hæv]例外

want,what,watch,wash,quality

after,plant,graph,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father, example

he,these,me,chinese

bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg

bike,fly,drive,time,nice,kite find,child,light,high

fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim give[giv]例外

those,close,go,hoe,home,no ost,postcard,old,cold

clock,not,box,shop,sock body

come some money monkey love mother

student,excuse,duty,Tuesday

bus,cup,jump,much,lunch

June July blue,ruler,super issue

put

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate

在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[ə]音，也可以读作[i]音

-r音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音

ar

ar在[w]音后面

读音

[ɑ:]

[ɔ:]

例词

car farm dark sharpener

warm quarter towards

1

[ə]

or

or在[w]音后面

er ir ur

例如： carry['kæri] sorry['sɔri] hurry['hʌri]

[ɔ:]

[ə:]

[ə:]

caesar

forty morning short

word worker worse

certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ə]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday

-re音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音

are

ere

ire

ore

ure

读音

[єə]

[iə]

[aiə]

[ɔ:]

[juə]

例词

care dare hare

here mere

fire hire wire

more score before

pure cure

[ɛərə] parent

are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[ə]音，例如：picture pleasure

重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音。

例如：parent zero story during inspiring

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph

元音字组在重读音节中的读音

ee,oe,eo,ie,ey,ae,ay

ar,ear,er,al,au

al

al在f,m前

oo,ou

ao,ough,aught,oar,oor,oar,our,or

ai,ay, ai

oa, oe, eau

are,eir ,ere,air

iew,ue,eu,eau,eue

tch,ti,te

dge,ge,ch,di

ir,ur, er,or

oi,oy

eer,ere,er

our,oor,ow

ui

ui在j l r s后

eu/ew

eu/ew在j l r s后

ie/ei 在[s]音后

au/aw

ai/ay

ea

读音

[i:]

[ɑ:]

[ɔ:]

[ɑ:]

[u]

[u:]

[ɔ:]

[ei]

[əu]

[єə]

[ju:]

[tʃ]

[dʒ]

[ə:]

[ɔi]

[iə]

[uə]

[au]

/

[u:]

[u:]

[ju:]

[i:]

[ɔ:]

[ei]

[i:]

[e]

例词

bleed amoeba people key caesar quay

cart heart sergeant calm aunt

small ball talk wall all always also almost

half calm

book good should

broom food tooth school

fought taught roar board door floor pour order

wait,day,rain

coat boat goal road toe beau

dare,their, there,air

view,cue,feud,beauty,queue

catch,question,rigteous

judge,sandwich,soldier

girl,turn, tern,work

oil,voice,choice,boy,joy, noise point toilet

beer,deer,near,here,fierce

tour poor

flower shower

fluid ['flu(:)id] suicide ['sjuisaid] tuition [tju:'iʃən]

juice fruit suit [sju:t, su:t]

flew brew jewelry

new few newspaper

piece field receive

autumn daughter draw

afraid rain wait day play

teach easy cheap please

heavy bread sweater weather

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[ei]

[iə]

ear [iə]

[єə]

[ə:]

ei/ey

ou/ow

[ei]

[i:]

[au]

[əu]

[ʌ]

[u:]

our [ɔ:]

[ə:]

非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

ai/ay ei/ey

ow

-sion -tion

-sion在元音字母后

-tion在s后

-sten

-stle

-sure

-ture

元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

读音

[i]

[əu]

[ʃn]

[ʒn]

[sn]

[sl]

[ʒə]

[tʃə]

break,great

Idea

hear dear near clear

bear pear wear swear

earth learn early

eight neighbour they

receive,key

flower house count down

know row throw though low soul

young country enough

group you soup

course your four

journey['dʒə:ni]

[auə] hour ['auə] our ours

例词

Sunday foreign monkey

yellow sparrow tomorrow

impression nation

vision decision occasion

listen

whistle

pleasure measure

picture culture

元音字组在非重读音节中读[ə]音或[i] 例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee

[tʃən] question suggestion

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如：everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[ɔ:]

有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天

辅字组的读音

b

-mb结尾时，b不发音仅发[m]音

c

c在e i y前

ch

-ck

d

-dge

dr-

f

g

g在e i y前

读音

[b]

[/]

[k]

[s]

[tʃ ]

[k]

[ʃ ]

[k]

[d]

[dʒ]

[dr]

[f]

[g]

[dʒ ]

例词

bike bus bag

bomb tomb lamb climb

cake picture coat music

face decide cinema recycle cynic

much chick rich teacher

school headache chemistry

machine Chicago

cock pocket black knock

doctor bread hand day

bridge fridge

children driver drink

five four breakfast

bag gardon go

orange large German

3

holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日

break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[ə] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[ɔ:] ＞ cupboard[ə] 碗柜

gh

gu-/-gue

gu在非重读音节中

h

j

k

kn-

l

m

-mn

n

n在[k] [g]音前

-ng

p

ph

q

qu-

r

s在词首或清辅音前

s在元音字母间或浊辅音前

sc-

sh

t在通常情况下

t在弱读字母ia ie io前

-tion在s后

tch

th在通常情况下

在冠词 代词 介词 连词中

在词尾-the -ther中

tr-

v

w

wh-

wh-在字母o前

x

在重读元音前

wr-

y-

z

[f]

[/]

[g]

[gw]

[h]

[/]

[dʒ]

[k]

[n]

[l]

[m]

[m]

[n]

[ŋ]

[ŋ]

[p]

[f]

[k]

[kw]

[r]

[s]

[z]

[sk]

[s]

[ʃ]

[t]

[ʃ]

[tʃən]

[tʃ ]

[θ]

[ð]

[ð]

[tr]

[v]

[w]

[w]

[h]

[ks]

[g'z]

[r]

[j]

[z]

cough enough rough

light daughter high eight

guess league dialogue guitar

language anguish penguin

hot head house hand

hour honest honor

jeep jar joke join July

kind bike skate make week

knife know knock

life milk school tall

monkey come tomato

autumn column solemn

not shine ten note

uncle thank hungry

morning young wrong

paper plane pig ship pen

elephant photo telephone

Iraq

quality quite quarter queue

[kju:]除外

red rubber ruler

sit sleep desk

music husband

scarlet scout Scotland

muscle science

she fish shirt wash

ten letter meet

patient nation

question suggestion

watch catch match

thin thirty method

the these with than

clothe father weather

tree train country truck

very voice love leave

week win wake sweet wait

what when white why

who whose whole

box text exercise

example exist exact

write wrong wrist

yes yard yellow young

puzzle zero zoo

ds[dz] ts[ts] ps-有时发[s] 如：psychiatrist psychotic

辅字组后加一横线表示这个字组经常出现在音节开头，而不是单词开头。如：tr-(coun-try) y-(Saw-yer)。音节开头也不一定就是音节的最前面，如：tr-(street)

发音规则

1. 两个子音字母在一起时，有时只发其中一个子音字母的音

write [r] know [n] sign [n] damn [m] bomb [m]

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2. 两个母音字母在一起时，通常只发其中一个母音字母的基本音

aim [ei] boat [əu] people [i:] sea [i:]

3. 单子音字母+le结构前的母音，通常发长的音

able [ei] eagle [i:] people [i:] title [ai]

4. 单一子音字母（除r外）+e 结尾时，则其前的母音字母发长音

bake[ei] dene [i:] bike [ai] code [əu]

5. 两个子音前的母音音素发短音

carry [æ] kettle [e] lift [i] soft [ɔ]

6. 字母c在字母e,i,y前，读[s]，否则读作[k]

cell [s] cite [s] cycling [s] cap [k]

7. 字母g在字母e,i,y前，读[dʒ]，否则读[g]

age [dʒ] gigantic[dʒ] gyp [dʒ] glass [g]

8. 字母组合ti,si,ci不在单字的第一个音节时，读作[ʃ]

action ancient official asian

9. s后的轻子音要浊化

skate spirit sport strain

soul [əu]

noble [əu]

assume [ju:]

tuck [ʌ]

cat [k]

go [g]

misssion

street

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