高二英语选择性必修第二册(2020版)_U3_L_and_S_and_R_and_T词汇-情景

Unit 3 Listening and Speaking and Reading and Thinking 词汇情景破

知识点1 consist of由……组成（或构成）

For example，America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken，which

consists of fried chicken covered in a sweet sauce，flavoured with hot red peppers.（教材P26）

例如，美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左公鸡，这道菜是由裹着甜酱、以辛辣的红辣椒调味的炸鸡构成的。

情景导学

His job consists of helping the old people who live alone.

他的工作包括帮助独居的老人。

The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.

这个计划妙就妙在简单。

The injuries are consistent with falling from a great height.这些伤符合从很高的地方坠落的特征。

归纳拓展

① consist _____在于；存在于

②________ adj.一致的；相符的；始终如一的；连续的

③ be consistent with与......一致；与......相符合

④ consistently adv. ...始终如一地；一贯地；一致地；持续地

链接高考

单句语法填空

1-1（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D，★★★）

A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different

symbols _____ （consist）of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or

juice as a reward.

1-2（2019浙江，七选五，★☆☆）Rock music _____ （consist）of many different styles.

1-3（2019课标全国I，语法填空，★☆☆）

Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since

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the mid-1980s，and are expensive to perform _____（consistent）over a large area.

1-4（2018天津，阅读理解A，★★☆）Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm

systems _____ （consist） of heat detectors，smoke detectors and sprinklers.

知识点2 consume v.吃；喝；饮；消耗

At a minimum，the kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their

region，what kinds of lives they lead，and what they like and do not like（教材P27）

至少，当地人所吃的食物的种类告诉我们，他们在自己的地区种植什么、他们过着什么样的生活，以及他们喜欢什么和不喜欢什么。

情景导学

This means that a person eating a BigMac（巨无霸）and fries would consume almost

twice as many calories as someone eating the same weight of pasta and salad.这意味着个吃巨无霸和炸薯条的人所摄入的卡路里差不多是吃同样重量的意大利面和蔬菜色拉的人所摄入的卡路里的两倍。

The laws have led to a reduction in fuel consumption in the U.S. 这些法律已导致美国燃料消耗的降低。

The tobacco company failed to warn consumers about the dangers of smoking.

这家烟草公司没有就吸烟的种种危险警告消费者。

归纳拓展

①________ n.（能量、食物或材料的）消耗，消耗量消费

②_______n消费者；顾客；用户

单句语法填空

2-1（2019江苏，任务型阅读，★★☆）The fact is that a huge brain is a huge

drain—______（consume）of energy—on the body.

2-2（2019江苏，任务型阅读，★★☆）In modern man, the brain accounts for about

2%-3% of total body weight，but it ______（consume）25%of the body’s energy when

the body is at rest.

2-3（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解B，★☆☆）

Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to

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women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just _____（consume）of fashion-they are central to its movement.

2-4（2018浙江，阅读理解C，★★☆）The problems of excessive（过度的）energy

______（consume）, climate change and population growth have been described in a

book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman.

知识点3 regardless of 不管；不顾

This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. (教材P32）

这是真的，不管他们其余的饮食可能是多么健康

情景导学

He stood for freedom of speech for everyone regardless of color, race or creed.

他主张不论肤色、种族或信仰，人人都有言论自由。

Give my regards to your family.请代我向您的家人问好

He was regarded as the most successful president of modern times.他被认为是近代最成功的总统。

归纳拓展

①regardless of 后可接_____、代词或_____。

②______n.问候（常用复数）；尊重；关心 v.看待；将……认为

③____________ 把……看作......

④ regard… 以某种情感看待......

单句语法填空

3-1（2019北京，完形填空，★☆☆）

Regardless _____ the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure

low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.

3-2（2019课标全国1，阅读理解C，★★☆）

Thus，the keyboard can determine people’s identities，and by extension, whether they

should be given access to the computer it’s connected to-regardless of _____ someone

gets the password right.

3-3（2019北京，阅读理解B，★★☆）A youth is to _____ （regard）with respect.

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3-4（2019课标全国I，完形填空，★★☆）

Mountains are regarded _____ spiritual places by many cultures.

知识点4 association n.协会；关联

And in America，people who receive 25 of their daily

calories or more through sugar are twice as likely to die from heart disease as people

who receive less than 10% a day（Journal of the American Medical Association，2014）.（教材P32）并且在美国，从糖中摄取日常卡路里的25%或更多的人死于心脏病的可能性是那些一天摄取量低于10%的人的两倍（《美国医学会杂志》，2014）。

情景导学

This trains your mind to associate that type of persistent negativity with something

unpleasant.这会训练你的大脑将那类持续的消极与一些不开心的事联系起来。

You might not expect such a frightening dream to be associated with something

joyful.你大概不会预料这么可怕的梦会与快乐的事有关。

归纳拓展

① the 与……的关联

②_______ vt.联想；联系 vi交往

③ 把…和……联系在一起

④be _____ 与……有关

单句语法填空

4-1（2019北京，阅读理解A改编，★☆☆）

You can do all the three things with the help of Global Development ______

（associate）（GDA）.

4-2（2019课标全国I，七选五，★★☆）Just as importantly，we tend _____（associate）fresh air with health care.

4-3（2017北京，阅读理解D，★★☆）A machine with a specific purpose has another

quality，one that we usually associate _____ living things：a wish to preserve its own

existence.

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4-4（2017北京，阅读理解D，★★☆）

Machines with specific purposes _____（associate）with living things partly because

they might be able to prevent themselves from being destroyed.

知识点5 quantity n.数量；数额

Processed foods often contain less nutrition, and have higher quantities of sugar，salt，and fat than fresh ingredients.（教材P32）加工食品通常包含较少的营养，并且比新鲜食材含有更多的糖分、盐和脂肪。

情景导学

A quantity of cash has gone missing.一大笔现金不见了。

Many people like to buy goods in quantity.

许多人喜欢大量购物。

Quantities of food/nuts were on the table.

桌子上有大量的食物/坚果

A large quantity of apples were sold out.大量的苹果被售出。

归纳拓展

①_____ quantity大量，许多

②a（large）quantity of =_________大量的；许多的

③ a quantity of后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。在它和其后的名词构成短语作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数通常和of后的名词的数保持一致。如果是接不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果是接可数名词复数，则谓语动词通常用复数形式。quantities of后接可数名词复数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词都用复数形式。

单词拼写

5-1（2019浙江，概要写作，★★☆）Experts say that the quality of praise is more

important than the _____（数量）.

单句语法填空

5-2（2019北京，阅读理解D，★★★）“Not only are the _____（quantity）of

phytoplankton in the ocean changing,” she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is

changing.”

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5-3（2019课标全国Ⅲ，阅读理解D，★★★）

“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity _____（represent） brains，” Dr.

Livingstone says.

5-4（★☆☆）A large quantity of money _____ （spend）on improving people’s living

conditions last year.

5-5（★★☆）With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth _____（be）being washed away each year.

知识点6 ideal adj.理想的；完美的；想象的 n.理想；完美的人（或事物）

The ideal diet is a balanced one, without too much or too little of any one thing. （教材P32）理想的饮食是均衡的饮食，任何一样东西都不会太多或太少。

情景导学

Walt Disney stayed true to his ideals.

华特·迪士尼忠于他的理想。

People should，ideally，be persuaded to eat a diet with much less fat or oil.理想的做法是应该说服人们吃含更低脂肪或更低油脂的食品。

归纳拓展

①idea n.主意；想法；意见

②_____ adv理想地；完美地；作为理想的做法

单句语法填空

6-1（2019天津，阅读理解C，★★☆）

_____（ideal），the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are

pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an

ecosystem back from the borderline.

6-2（2017浙江，阅读理解B，★☆☆）For most school-age children，ten hours is _____（idea）.

知识点7 trick诀窍；计谋；把戏

There is no one trick to healthy eating. （教材P32）

健康饮食没有诀窍。

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情景导学

We are playing a trick on a man who keeps bothering me. 我们正捉弄一个一直打扰我的人。

His family tricked him into going to Pakistan，and once he was there，they took away

his passport. 他的家人骗他去了巴基斯坦，他一到那里，他们就拿走了他的护照。

This man is up to his old tricks.这个男人故伎重演。

归纳拓展

①trick v.欺骗；欺诈adj.使人产生错觉的

②play a trick/tricks _____ sb.捉弄某人

③be up to one’s old tricks ____________

④ trick sb._________ sth.骗某人做某事

单句语法填空

7-1（2019北京，阅读理解C，★★☆）This means，for example，that a scammer could

call you from what looks to be familiar number and talk to you using a voice that

sounds exactly like your bank teller’s，_____（trick）you into “confirming” your

address，mothers name，and card number.

7-2（2015北京，阅读理解C，★★☆）Every time light moves into a material with a new

speed，it bends and scatter. Transparent animals use different _____（trick）to fight

scattering.

参考答案：

知识点1

①in ②consistent

1-1 consisting 考查非谓语动词。consist为不及物动词，一般不用于被动语态，分析句子可知此处应该填现在分词，构成现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰

symbols。

1-2 consists 考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意：摇滚音乐由许多不同风格组成。由主语 Rock music和语境可知，该空应该用第三人称单数形式。

1-3 consistently 考查副词。句意：现代化的追踪北极熊数量的方法从20世纪80年代中期才开始被使用，而且在大范围内持续使用很昂贵。perform是动词，因

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此此处应该用副词修饰。

1-4 consisting 考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数还配有自动火灾报警系统，包括热探测器、烟雾探测器和洒水器。consist是不及物动词，故没有被动语态。在此句中需要用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰fre alarm systems。

知识点2

① consumption ② consumer

2-1 consumption 考查词性转换。句意：事实是巨大的大脑是对身体的巨大消耗—能量的消耗。consumption of energy意为“能量的消耗”。

2.2 consumes 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：在现代人类中，大脑约占总体重的2%~3%，但当身体休息时，它会消耗身体25%的能量。该空为分句的谓语动词，根据语境可知此处应该用一般现在时，由分句的主语it可知此处应用第三人称单数形式。

2-3 consumers 考查词性转换及名词单复数。句意：中国模特是美和时尚活动的代言人，这些活动向世界各地的女性推销梦想，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是时尚运动的核心部分。根据句意可知此处指消费者，再由空前面的are可知此处应填名词复数 consumers。

2-4 consumption 考查词性转换。句意：过度的能源消耗、气候变化和人口增长问题都在美国作家托马斯弗里德曼的一本书中被描述过了。由前面的形谷词?

excessive可以判断此处应该填名词。

知识点3

①名词；宾语从句 ② regard ③ as

3-l of 考查固定搭配。句意：不管天气或距离，保罗·威尔逊都会确保他所在社区里的低收入家庭的学生按时到大学上课。regardless of不管；不顾。

3-2 whether 考查宾语从句。句意：因此，这种键盘可以确定人们的身份，进一步讲，就是决定他们是否有权访问与其相连的计算机——不管这个人是否正确输入密码。regardless of后面可以接宾语从句，根据句意可以判断此处应用 whether（是否）。

3-3 be regarded 考查动词的语态。句意：要尊重地看待年轻人。根据句意可知，A youth与 regard之间为被动关系，所以应填 be regarded。

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3-4 as 考查固定搭配。句意：山被许多文化视为精神所在地。be regarded as.表示“被视为……”，符合句意。故填as。

知识点4

② associate ④ associated

4-1 Association 考查词性转换。句意：你可以在全球发展协会（GDA）的帮助下来做所有这三件事。由句意可知此处应用名词，再由 Global Development的形式可知此处应填 Association。

4-2 to associate 考查非谓语动词。句意：同样重要的是，我们往往把新鲜空气与医疗保健联系在一起。tend to do sth.意为“往往会做某事”。

4-3 with 考查固定搭配。句意：一台有特定目标的机器有另一种特征，我们通常把这种特征与生物联系在一起：希望保护自身的存在。associate..with.意为“把……与……联系在一起”。句中that引导的是定语从句，且在从句中作 associate的宾语。

4-4 are associated考查动词的语态。句意：具有特定目标的机器与生物有关，部分原因是它们可能能够防止自己被毁灭。be associated with.意为“与……有关”。

知识点5

①in ②quantities of

5-1 quantity

5-2 quantities 句意：她说：“不仅海洋中的浮游植物的数量在变化，而且浮游植物的种类也在改变。”not only…but（also）…连接两个并列分句且 not only…部分置于句首时，not only所在的分句要用部分倒装，由Not only后的are可以判断此处应该填名词复数。故填 quantities。

5-3 is represented 考查被动语态。句意：Livingstone博士说：“这表明，在它们的大脑中，有一种特定的方式来表示数量。” way后是省略了关系词的定语从句，设空处在从句中作谓语，quantity与 represent之间为被动关系。故填 is

represented。

5-4 was spent 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：去年大量的钱花在了改善人们的生活上。money是不可数名词，根据 a quantity of的用法可知，此处谓语应该用单数形式。由 last year可知此处应用一般过去时。money与 spend之间是被

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动关系，故填 was spent。

5-5 are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：随着更多的森林正在被破坏，每年有大量好的泥土正在被冲走。主语为 quantities of后接不可数名词时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。由时间状语 each year可知用一般现在时。故填are。

知识点6

② ideally

6-1 Ideally 考查副词。句意：理想情况下，该系统将告诉我们何时调整将生态系统推向崩溃边缘的人类活动或者甚至能允许我们把生态系统从（崩溃）边缘拉回来。修饰整个句子应该用副词形式。

6-2 ideal 考查词性转换。句意：对大多数学龄儿童来说，十个小时是理想的。设空处作表语，结合句意可知此处应填形容词 ideal。

知识点7

②on ③故伎重演；耍老花招 ④into doing

7-1 tricking 考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，这意味着一个骗子可以用一个看起来很熟悉的号码给你打电话，并用听起来完全像你的银行出纳员的声音跟你说话，欺骗你“确认”你的地址、母亲姓名和卡号。动词trick与其逻辑主语 a scammer之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词作状语。

7-2 tricks 考查名词的数。句意：每当光以新的速度进入一种物质时，它就会发生折射和散射。透明的动物使用不同的技巧来对抗散射。结合句意可知different后面应跟名词的复数形式。

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